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TamRx · Medical AI compliance

What class is my Medical AI? MDR Rule 11 explained

MDR Rule 11 governs the classification of medical device software, and it is notoriously consequential: most software that provides information used for clinical decisions lands in Class IIa or higher. Your class determines your conformity route, evidence and obligations.

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How Rule 11 works

Rule 11 classifies software by the significance of the information it provides to a clinical decision and the state of the patient. Software intended to provide information used to take decisions with diagnostic or therapeutic purposes is typically Class IIa, rising to IIb or III where decisions could cause serious deterioration or death. Software for monitoring physiological processes has its own provisions.

MDR class vs software safety class

A frequent confusion: the MDR risk class (I–III) is not the same as the IEC 62304 software safety class (A/B/C). The former drives your conformity route; the latter drives the rigour of your software lifecycle. You need both, determined separately.

Aligning FDA and UK

The same software typically maps to an FDA pathway (510(k) or De Novo, depending on predicate availability) and a UK class that mirrors the EU logic post-Brexit. A defensible classification documents all three in parallel, with the clinical-significance argument front and centre.

Frequently asked questions

Why does most medical software end up Class IIa under Rule 11?
Because Rule 11 captures software that provides information used for clinical decisions, which describes most clinical software. Only software with very limited influence stays in Class I; software informing serious decisions rises to IIb or III.
Is the IEC 62304 software class the same as my MDR class?
No. IEC 62304 class A/B/C reflects the severity of harm from a software failure and sets your software lifecycle rigour. MDR class I/IIa/IIb/III reflects clinical risk and sets your conformity route. They are determined separately and you need both.
How does Rule 11 relate to FDA classification?
They are independent but usually correlate. A higher Rule 11 class typically corresponds to a more demanding FDA pathway. A good classification rationale maps the EU class, the FDA pathway and the UK position together.
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Decision-support only. AI-generated content may contain errors. Not legal or medical advice, and no guarantee of regulatory approval. Verify against primary legislation, guidance and qualified professional judgement before submission.